2003 Vol.16(1)
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2003, 17(1).
Abstract:
Investigations of technological characteristics and bonding mechanism of field-assisted bonding are done, which are for bonding of electrolytes (Pyrex glass) to monocrystal silicon and aluminum. The features of microstructure and the distribution of the diffused elements in the bonding interface area are studied by means of SEM, EDX and XRD, and the influence of the technological factors on the bonding process is also studied. The model of "metal-oxides-glass" of bonding structure and ions diffusion and bonding in the condition of electrical field-assisted are indicated.
Investigations of technological characteristics and bonding mechanism of field-assisted bonding are done, which are for bonding of electrolytes (Pyrex glass) to monocrystal silicon and aluminum. The features of microstructure and the distribution of the diffused elements in the bonding interface area are studied by means of SEM, EDX and XRD, and the influence of the technological factors on the bonding process is also studied. The model of "metal-oxides-glass" of bonding structure and ions diffusion and bonding in the condition of electrical field-assisted are indicated.
2003, 17(1).
Abstract:
A system of producing scrap rubber powder with wave cryogenic technology is put forward. Main equipments such as wave refrigerator, vortex pulverizer and fluidized cooler are presented. The key techniques about silica gel refreshing in desiccators and system drying are discussed. The potential improvement of the system is pointed out. The manufacturing cost is lower than the cost of liquid nitrogen cryogenic method, and the quality is better than that of normal temperature milling. Moreover, wave refrigerators have several advantages over turbine expenders applied in the cryogenic milling system.
A system of producing scrap rubber powder with wave cryogenic technology is put forward. Main equipments such as wave refrigerator, vortex pulverizer and fluidized cooler are presented. The key techniques about silica gel refreshing in desiccators and system drying are discussed. The potential improvement of the system is pointed out. The manufacturing cost is lower than the cost of liquid nitrogen cryogenic method, and the quality is better than that of normal temperature milling. Moreover, wave refrigerators have several advantages over turbine expenders applied in the cryogenic milling system.
2003, 17(1).
Abstract:
A new rigid-plastic/rigid-viscoplastic (RP/RVP) FEM based on linear programming (LP) for plane-strain metal forming simulation is proposed. Compared with the traditional RP/RVP FEM based on iteration solution, it has some remarkable advantages, such as it's free of convergence problem and its convenience in contact, incompressibility constraint and rigid zone treatment. Two solution examples are provided to validate its accuracy and efficiency.
A new rigid-plastic/rigid-viscoplastic (RP/RVP) FEM based on linear programming (LP) for plane-strain metal forming simulation is proposed. Compared with the traditional RP/RVP FEM based on iteration solution, it has some remarkable advantages, such as it's free of convergence problem and its convenience in contact, incompressibility constraint and rigid zone treatment. Two solution examples are provided to validate its accuracy and efficiency.
2003, 17(1).
Abstract:
A novel method of realizing the optimal transmission of the crank-and-rocker mechanism is presented. The optimal combination design is made by finding the related optimal transmission parameters. The diagram of the optimal transmission is drawn. In the diagram, the relation among minimum transmission angle, the coefficient of travel speed variation, the oscillating angle of the rocker and the length of the bars is shown, concisely, conveniently and directly. The method possesses the main characteristic. That it is to achieve the optimal transmission parameters under the transmission angle by directly choosing in the diagram, according to the given requirements. The characteristics of the mechanical transmission can be improved to gain the optimal transmission effect by the method. Especially, the method is simple and convenient in practical use.
A novel method of realizing the optimal transmission of the crank-and-rocker mechanism is presented. The optimal combination design is made by finding the related optimal transmission parameters. The diagram of the optimal transmission is drawn. In the diagram, the relation among minimum transmission angle, the coefficient of travel speed variation, the oscillating angle of the rocker and the length of the bars is shown, concisely, conveniently and directly. The method possesses the main characteristic. That it is to achieve the optimal transmission parameters under the transmission angle by directly choosing in the diagram, according to the given requirements. The characteristics of the mechanical transmission can be improved to gain the optimal transmission effect by the method. Especially, the method is simple and convenient in practical use.
2003, 17(1).
Abstract:
The kinematic design of a reconfigurable miniature parallel kinematic machine is dealt with. It shows that the reconfigurability may be realized by packaging a tripod-based parallel mechanism with fixed length struts into a compact and rigid frame with which the different configurations can be formed. Utilizing a dual parameter model, the influences of the geometrical parameters on the dexterous performance and the workspace/machine volume ratio are investigated. A novel global performance index for the dimensional synthesis is proposed and optimized, resulting in a set of dimensionless geometrical parameters.
The kinematic design of a reconfigurable miniature parallel kinematic machine is dealt with. It shows that the reconfigurability may be realized by packaging a tripod-based parallel mechanism with fixed length struts into a compact and rigid frame with which the different configurations can be formed. Utilizing a dual parameter model, the influences of the geometrical parameters on the dexterous performance and the workspace/machine volume ratio are investigated. A novel global performance index for the dimensional synthesis is proposed and optimized, resulting in a set of dimensionless geometrical parameters.
2003, 17(1).
Abstract:
The system dynamics model has been done. The contracting process of the curved-surface of the rubber disc is analyzed carefully, which is the main research aspect of the elastodynamics in the system. The coupling equation of the "elastic surface and fluid" is resolved by inverse resolution method. The main characteristics of the system, for instance, the departing-tube velocity, with which a carrier is to depart a launch tube, are estimated through resolving the simulation model of the system dynamics. The simulation is based on some known parameters and the experiment outcome of the elasticity modulus of a special rubber. On the other hand, the influences on the system characteristics accompanying with the changing of some system parameters are discussed. Finally, the conclusions are given that the elastodynamic system has a superior performance and that the system deserves to be developed further as a kind of launch device.
The system dynamics model has been done. The contracting process of the curved-surface of the rubber disc is analyzed carefully, which is the main research aspect of the elastodynamics in the system. The coupling equation of the "elastic surface and fluid" is resolved by inverse resolution method. The main characteristics of the system, for instance, the departing-tube velocity, with which a carrier is to depart a launch tube, are estimated through resolving the simulation model of the system dynamics. The simulation is based on some known parameters and the experiment outcome of the elasticity modulus of a special rubber. On the other hand, the influences on the system characteristics accompanying with the changing of some system parameters are discussed. Finally, the conclusions are given that the elastodynamic system has a superior performance and that the system deserves to be developed further as a kind of launch device.
2003, 17(1).
Abstract:
The 1/2 subharmonic resonance of a shaft with unsymmetrical stiffness is studied. By means of the Hamilton' s principle the nonlinear differential equations of motion of the rotating shaft are derived in the rotating rectangular coordinate system. Transforming the equations of motion from rotating coordinate system into stationary coordinate system and introducing a complex variable, the equation of motion in complex variable form is obtained, in which the stiffness coefficient varies periodically with time. It presents a nonlinear oscillation system under parametric excitation. By applying the method of multiple scales (MMS) the averaged equation, the bifurcating response equations and local bifurcating set are obtained. Via the theory of singularity, the stability of constant solutions is analyzed and bifurcating response curves are obtained. This study shows that the rotating shaft has rich bifurcation phenomena.
The 1/2 subharmonic resonance of a shaft with unsymmetrical stiffness is studied. By means of the Hamilton' s principle the nonlinear differential equations of motion of the rotating shaft are derived in the rotating rectangular coordinate system. Transforming the equations of motion from rotating coordinate system into stationary coordinate system and introducing a complex variable, the equation of motion in complex variable form is obtained, in which the stiffness coefficient varies periodically with time. It presents a nonlinear oscillation system under parametric excitation. By applying the method of multiple scales (MMS) the averaged equation, the bifurcating response equations and local bifurcating set are obtained. Via the theory of singularity, the stability of constant solutions is analyzed and bifurcating response curves are obtained. This study shows that the rotating shaft has rich bifurcation phenomena.
2003, 17(1).
Abstract:
The superplastic forming and application of GH4169 superalloy are studied. It is shown that for the typical superplastic forming strain rates of 10–3 s–1 to 10–4 s–1, the available engineering strains of the fine-grain GH4169 superalloy are always higher than 250% within wide temperature scopes (920～980℃), and the maximum elongation to failure obtained is 513%. Dynamic grain growth is presented during superplastic deforming for the alloy, and the grain becomes larger with the increase of the strain. A GH4169 fuel manifold of an aerocraft is superplastically formed, and the superplastically formed GH4169 mainfold is tested by 30 Mpa hydraulic pressure for 10 min. So some GH4169 alloy complex components can be superplastically formed in the aerospace industry to decrease the costs of fabricating these components.
The superplastic forming and application of GH4169 superalloy are studied. It is shown that for the typical superplastic forming strain rates of 10–3 s–1 to 10–4 s–1, the available engineering strains of the fine-grain GH4169 superalloy are always higher than 250% within wide temperature scopes (920～980℃), and the maximum elongation to failure obtained is 513%. Dynamic grain growth is presented during superplastic deforming for the alloy, and the grain becomes larger with the increase of the strain. A GH4169 fuel manifold of an aerocraft is superplastically formed, and the superplastically formed GH4169 mainfold is tested by 30 Mpa hydraulic pressure for 10 min. So some GH4169 alloy complex components can be superplastically formed in the aerospace industry to decrease the costs of fabricating these components.
2003, 17(1).
Abstract:
In order to solve some key problems associated with the rapid manufacturing of metallic functional part, a new technique using vacuum solidstate pressure diffusion welding process to join the metallic slice sheets is put forward. The following results can be drawn from the experiments: only 1% shrinkage happened in the stack direction and it came from the regular system error. The atoms diffuse between joint interfaces clearly and new grains formed meanwhile. The average shear strength of welding zone is more than 100 Mpa and micro hardness of welding zone is almost the same as that of matrix. It is shown from above results that the vacuum solidstate pressure diffusion welding process is an available technique to join metal slice sheets for the rapid manufacturing of metallic functional parts.
In order to solve some key problems associated with the rapid manufacturing of metallic functional part, a new technique using vacuum solidstate pressure diffusion welding process to join the metallic slice sheets is put forward. The following results can be drawn from the experiments: only 1% shrinkage happened in the stack direction and it came from the regular system error. The atoms diffuse between joint interfaces clearly and new grains formed meanwhile. The average shear strength of welding zone is more than 100 Mpa and micro hardness of welding zone is almost the same as that of matrix. It is shown from above results that the vacuum solidstate pressure diffusion welding process is an available technique to join metal slice sheets for the rapid manufacturing of metallic functional parts.
2003, 17(1).
Abstract:
The inverse problem to determine the vibrating velocity from known exterior field measurement pressure, involves the solution of a discrete ill-posed problem. To facilitate the computation of a meaningful approximate solution possible, the indirect boundary element method (IBEM) code for investigating vibration velocity reconstruction and Tikhonov regularization method by means of singular value decomposition (SVD) are used. The amount of regularization is determined by a regularization parameter. Its optimal value is given by the L-curve approach. Numerical results indicate the reconstructed normal surface velocity is a good approximation to the real source.
The inverse problem to determine the vibrating velocity from known exterior field measurement pressure, involves the solution of a discrete ill-posed problem. To facilitate the computation of a meaningful approximate solution possible, the indirect boundary element method (IBEM) code for investigating vibration velocity reconstruction and Tikhonov regularization method by means of singular value decomposition (SVD) are used. The amount of regularization is determined by a regularization parameter. Its optimal value is given by the L-curve approach. Numerical results indicate the reconstructed normal surface velocity is a good approximation to the real source.
2003, 17(1).
Abstract:
A numerical methodology for investigating compressor instabilities in a multistage environment is presented. The method is based on a stage-by-stage dynamic compression model and considers air compressibility explicitly throughout the compressor. It involves discretizing the compression system into distinct elements and a use of the local elemental characteristic of mean performance. The models are presented in both nonlinear and linearized forms. The linearised form permits well surge condition prediction for multistage axial compressors, while the non-linear form is able to investigate the growth of local flow disturbances, and helps to develop practical control strategy. Validations were carried out using the data from several aircraft engine compressors. A good experiment-model consistency is achieved.
A numerical methodology for investigating compressor instabilities in a multistage environment is presented. The method is based on a stage-by-stage dynamic compression model and considers air compressibility explicitly throughout the compressor. It involves discretizing the compression system into distinct elements and a use of the local elemental characteristic of mean performance. The models are presented in both nonlinear and linearized forms. The linearised form permits well surge condition prediction for multistage axial compressors, while the non-linear form is able to investigate the growth of local flow disturbances, and helps to develop practical control strategy. Validations were carried out using the data from several aircraft engine compressors. A good experiment-model consistency is achieved.
2003, 17(1).
Abstract:
To reduce the variation of velocity characteristic of the shock absorber in a car, a modern robust optimal design method is applied to its structural parameters design. Firstly, the method is used to obtain the robust values which have low sensitivity to velocity characteristic and analyze the influences of the parameters on velocity characteristic. Secondly, the method is used to obtain their maximum tolerances under the condition of ensuring product quality. The results obviously improve the velocity characteristic.
To reduce the variation of velocity characteristic of the shock absorber in a car, a modern robust optimal design method is applied to its structural parameters design. Firstly, the method is used to obtain the robust values which have low sensitivity to velocity characteristic and analyze the influences of the parameters on velocity characteristic. Secondly, the method is used to obtain their maximum tolerances under the condition of ensuring product quality. The results obviously improve the velocity characteristic.
2003, 17(1).
Abstract:
The concept of metamorphic mechanism is put forward according to the change of configurations from one state to another. Different configurations of metamorphic mechanism are described through the method of Huston lower body arrays. Kinematics analyses for metamorphic mechanism with generalized topological structure, including the velocity, angular velocity, acceleration and angular acceleration, are given. Dynamic equations for an arbitrary configuration, including close-loop constraints, are formed by using Kane's equations. For an arbitrary metamorphic mechanism, the transformation matrix of generalized speeds between configuration and +1 is obtained for the first time. Furthermore, configuration-complete dynamic modeling of metamorphic mechanism including all configurations is completely established.
The concept of metamorphic mechanism is put forward according to the change of configurations from one state to another. Different configurations of metamorphic mechanism are described through the method of Huston lower body arrays. Kinematics analyses for metamorphic mechanism with generalized topological structure, including the velocity, angular velocity, acceleration and angular acceleration, are given. Dynamic equations for an arbitrary configuration, including close-loop constraints, are formed by using Kane's equations. For an arbitrary metamorphic mechanism, the transformation matrix of generalized speeds between configuration and +1 is obtained for the first time. Furthermore, configuration-complete dynamic modeling of metamorphic mechanism including all configurations is completely established.
2003, 17(1).
Abstract:
Modeling and digital simulation is an effective method to analyze the dynamic characteristics of hydraulic system. It is difficult to determine some performance parameters in the hydraulic system by means of currently used modeling methods. The "gray-box" modeling method for large-scale hydraulic system is introduced. The principle of the method, the submodels of some components and the parameters identification of components or subsystem are researched.
Modeling and digital simulation is an effective method to analyze the dynamic characteristics of hydraulic system. It is difficult to determine some performance parameters in the hydraulic system by means of currently used modeling methods. The "gray-box" modeling method for large-scale hydraulic system is introduced. The principle of the method, the submodels of some components and the parameters identification of components or subsystem are researched.
2003, 17(1).
Abstract:
The capacitated lot sizing and scheduling problem that involves in determining the production amounts and release dates for several items over a given planning horizon are given to meet dynamic order demand without incurring backloggings. The problem considering overtime capacity is studied. The mathematical model is presented, and a genetic algorithm (GA) approach is developed to solve the problem. The initial solutions are generated after using heuristic method. Capacity balancing procedure is employed to stipulate the feasibility of the solutions. In addition, a technique based on Tabu search (TS) is inserted into the genetic algorithm to deal with the scheduled overtime and help the convergence of algorithm. Computational simulation is conducted to test the efficiency of the proposed hybrid approach, which turns out to improve both the solution quality and execution speed.
The capacitated lot sizing and scheduling problem that involves in determining the production amounts and release dates for several items over a given planning horizon are given to meet dynamic order demand without incurring backloggings. The problem considering overtime capacity is studied. The mathematical model is presented, and a genetic algorithm (GA) approach is developed to solve the problem. The initial solutions are generated after using heuristic method. Capacity balancing procedure is employed to stipulate the feasibility of the solutions. In addition, a technique based on Tabu search (TS) is inserted into the genetic algorithm to deal with the scheduled overtime and help the convergence of algorithm. Computational simulation is conducted to test the efficiency of the proposed hybrid approach, which turns out to improve both the solution quality and execution speed.
2003, 17(1).
Abstract:
Experimental studies on load decay and leak rate of O-rings made of two kinds of silicone rubber are conducted. The results show that the characteristic of load decay is relative to the material and temperature of O-rings; the rate of load decay increases with the rise of temperature; the effects of load decay on leak rate of O-rings are negligible at room temperature, but they are notable at high temperature, and they are related to the material of O-rings. On the basis of study on the theory of load decay and analysis to the results of experiments, a theoretical model is developed to describe the load decay characteristic of O-rings, and it matches the experimental data very well. By the study of time-temperature equivalence of load decay, the interconvertting equation of test data of load decay at different temperatures is obtained.
Experimental studies on load decay and leak rate of O-rings made of two kinds of silicone rubber are conducted. The results show that the characteristic of load decay is relative to the material and temperature of O-rings; the rate of load decay increases with the rise of temperature; the effects of load decay on leak rate of O-rings are negligible at room temperature, but they are notable at high temperature, and they are related to the material of O-rings. On the basis of study on the theory of load decay and analysis to the results of experiments, a theoretical model is developed to describe the load decay characteristic of O-rings, and it matches the experimental data very well. By the study of time-temperature equivalence of load decay, the interconvertting equation of test data of load decay at different temperatures is obtained.
2003, 17(1).
Abstract:
A novel fuzzy logic compensating (FLC) scheme is proposed to enhance the conventional computed-torque control (CTC) structure of manipulators. The control scheme is based on the combination of a classical CTC and FLC, and the resulting control scheme has a simple structure with improved robustness. Further improvement of the performance of the FLC scheme is achieved through automatic tuning of a weight parameter ? leading to a self-tuning fuzzy logic compensator, so the system uncertainty can be compensated very well. By taking into account the full nonlinear nature of the robotic dynamics, the overall closed-loop system is shown to be asymptotically stable. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the computed torque and fuzzy compensation scheme to control a manipulator during a trajectory tracking task.
A novel fuzzy logic compensating (FLC) scheme is proposed to enhance the conventional computed-torque control (CTC) structure of manipulators. The control scheme is based on the combination of a classical CTC and FLC, and the resulting control scheme has a simple structure with improved robustness. Further improvement of the performance of the FLC scheme is achieved through automatic tuning of a weight parameter ? leading to a self-tuning fuzzy logic compensator, so the system uncertainty can be compensated very well. By taking into account the full nonlinear nature of the robotic dynamics, the overall closed-loop system is shown to be asymptotically stable. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the computed torque and fuzzy compensation scheme to control a manipulator during a trajectory tracking task.
2003, 17(1).
Abstract:
The electrorheological fluid(ERF)is a kind of intelligent material with bright prospects for industry applications, which has viscoelastic characteristic under the applied electric field. The dynamic model of a milling system with an ERF damper is established, and the chatter suppression mechanism of the ER effect is discussed theoretically. Both the theoretical study and the experimental investigation show that the additional damping and additional stiffness produced by the ERF increase with the rise in the strength of electric field E, but their influence on the cutting stability is different. Only when both additional damping and additional stiffness cooperate, the milling chatter can be suppressed quickly and effectively. In additional, an ERF damper used on the arbor of horizontal spindle milling machine is developed, and a series of milling chatter control experiments are performed. The experimental results show that the milling chatter can be suppressed effectively by using the ER damper.
The electrorheological fluid(ERF)is a kind of intelligent material with bright prospects for industry applications, which has viscoelastic characteristic under the applied electric field. The dynamic model of a milling system with an ERF damper is established, and the chatter suppression mechanism of the ER effect is discussed theoretically. Both the theoretical study and the experimental investigation show that the additional damping and additional stiffness produced by the ERF increase with the rise in the strength of electric field E, but their influence on the cutting stability is different. Only when both additional damping and additional stiffness cooperate, the milling chatter can be suppressed quickly and effectively. In additional, an ERF damper used on the arbor of horizontal spindle milling machine is developed, and a series of milling chatter control experiments are performed. The experimental results show that the milling chatter can be suppressed effectively by using the ER damper.
2003, 17(1).
Abstract:
On the application of an electric field, the mechanical properties of ER(Electro-rheological) fluid are very complex. The damping force of ER fluid is linear without electric field and is nonlinear when an electric field is applied. By increasing the strength of the electric field, the behavior of ER fluid changes from linear viscous to nonlinear viscoelastic-plastic. External electric fluid changes natural behavior of system with ER fluid besides the mechanical properties of ER fluid. The affect of ER fluid on the stiffness of nonlinear vibration system with ER dampers is analyzed by iterative perturbation method. The results show that the stiffness of structure would be increased with growing of the strength of the electric field.
On the application of an electric field, the mechanical properties of ER(Electro-rheological) fluid are very complex. The damping force of ER fluid is linear without electric field and is nonlinear when an electric field is applied. By increasing the strength of the electric field, the behavior of ER fluid changes from linear viscous to nonlinear viscoelastic-plastic. External electric fluid changes natural behavior of system with ER fluid besides the mechanical properties of ER fluid. The affect of ER fluid on the stiffness of nonlinear vibration system with ER dampers is analyzed by iterative perturbation method. The results show that the stiffness of structure would be increased with growing of the strength of the electric field.
2003, 17(1).
Abstract:
A CAD/CMM workpiece modeling system based on IGES file is proposed. The modeling system is implemented by using a new method for labelling the tolerance items of 3D workpiece. The concept—"feature face" is used in the method. First the CAD data of workpiece are extracted and recognized automatically. Then a workpiece model is generated, which is the integration of pure 3D geometry form with its corresponding inspection items. The principle of workpiece modeling is also presented. At last, the experiment results are shown and correctness of the model is certified.
A CAD/CMM workpiece modeling system based on IGES file is proposed. The modeling system is implemented by using a new method for labelling the tolerance items of 3D workpiece. The concept—"feature face" is used in the method. First the CAD data of workpiece are extracted and recognized automatically. Then a workpiece model is generated, which is the integration of pure 3D geometry form with its corresponding inspection items. The principle of workpiece modeling is also presented. At last, the experiment results are shown and correctness of the model is certified.
2003, 17(1).
Abstract:
Based on the inner character analysis of interpart, detail modification and assembly relation of mechanical connecting element, the idea, which extends the feature modeling of part to the interpart feature modeling for assembly purpose, is presented, and virtual-part-based connecting element modeling is proposed. During the assembly modeling, base parts are modified by the Boolean subtraction between the virtual part and the part to be connected. Dynamic matching algorithm, which is based on list database, is designed for dynamic extension and off-line editing of connecting part and virtual part, and design rules of connecting element is encapsulated by the virtual part. A prototyped software module for rapid design of connecting elements is implemented under self-developed CAD/CAM platform-SuperMan.
Based on the inner character analysis of interpart, detail modification and assembly relation of mechanical connecting element, the idea, which extends the feature modeling of part to the interpart feature modeling for assembly purpose, is presented, and virtual-part-based connecting element modeling is proposed. During the assembly modeling, base parts are modified by the Boolean subtraction between the virtual part and the part to be connected. Dynamic matching algorithm, which is based on list database, is designed for dynamic extension and off-line editing of connecting part and virtual part, and design rules of connecting element is encapsulated by the virtual part. A prototyped software module for rapid design of connecting elements is implemented under self-developed CAD/CAM platform-SuperMan.
2003, 17(1).
Abstract:
A promising approach on the search for geometric constraint of directional graph in off-line parametric design has been put forward . The method for representation of the directional graph is given firstly , then the constraint model for every geometry element is put forward . By the search of geometric constraint , it sets up the topology constraint relation on the different element objects , which are not related in geometry data base, and achieves the identify for the directional graph . The algorithm of recognizing geometric constraint is described in detail, in the meantime, the application example in off-line parametric design on dimen-sion-driven is given .
A promising approach on the search for geometric constraint of directional graph in off-line parametric design has been put forward . The method for representation of the directional graph is given firstly , then the constraint model for every geometry element is put forward . By the search of geometric constraint , it sets up the topology constraint relation on the different element objects , which are not related in geometry data base, and achieves the identify for the directional graph . The algorithm of recognizing geometric constraint is described in detail, in the meantime, the application example in off-line parametric design on dimen-sion-driven is given .
2003, 17(1).
Abstract:
Target tracking is one typical application of visual servoing technology. It is still a difficult task to track high speed target with current visual servo system. The improvement of visual servoing scheme is strongly required. A position-based visual servo parallel system is presented for tracking target with high speed. A local Frenet frame is assigned to the sampling point of spatial trajectory. Position estimation is formed by the differential features of intrinsic geometry, and orientation estimation is formed by homogenous transformation. The time spent for searching and processing can be greatly reduced by shifting the window according to features location prediction. The simulation results have demonstrated the ability of the system to track spatial moving object.
Target tracking is one typical application of visual servoing technology. It is still a difficult task to track high speed target with current visual servo system. The improvement of visual servoing scheme is strongly required. A position-based visual servo parallel system is presented for tracking target with high speed. A local Frenet frame is assigned to the sampling point of spatial trajectory. Position estimation is formed by the differential features of intrinsic geometry, and orientation estimation is formed by homogenous transformation. The time spent for searching and processing can be greatly reduced by shifting the window according to features location prediction. The simulation results have demonstrated the ability of the system to track spatial moving object.
2003, 17(1).
Abstract:
Based on probability and statistic, a design method of precision cam profile concerning the influence of random processing errors is advanced. Combining the design with the process, which can be used to predict that cam profiles will be successfully processed or not in the design stage, design of the cam can be done by balancing the economization and reliability. In addition, an fuzzy deduction method based on Bayers formula is advanced to estimate processing reasonable of the designed precision cam profile, and it take few samples.
Based on probability and statistic, a design method of precision cam profile concerning the influence of random processing errors is advanced. Combining the design with the process, which can be used to predict that cam profiles will be successfully processed or not in the design stage, design of the cam can be done by balancing the economization and reliability. In addition, an fuzzy deduction method based on Bayers formula is advanced to estimate processing reasonable of the designed precision cam profile, and it take few samples.
2003, 17(1).
Abstract:
A method for quality mesh generation of parametric curved surfaces is proposed. It is shown that the main difference between the proposed method and previous ones is that our meshing process is done completely in the parametric domains with the guarantee of mesh quality. To obtain this aim, the Delaunay method is extended to anisotropic context of 2D domains, and a Riemannian metric map is introduced to remedy the mapping distortion from object space to parametric domain. Compared with previous algorithms, the approach is much simpler, more robust and speedy. The algorithm is implemented and examples for several geometries are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and validity of the method.
A method for quality mesh generation of parametric curved surfaces is proposed. It is shown that the main difference between the proposed method and previous ones is that our meshing process is done completely in the parametric domains with the guarantee of mesh quality. To obtain this aim, the Delaunay method is extended to anisotropic context of 2D domains, and a Riemannian metric map is introduced to remedy the mapping distortion from object space to parametric domain. Compared with previous algorithms, the approach is much simpler, more robust and speedy. The algorithm is implemented and examples for several geometries are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and validity of the method.
2003, 17(1).
Abstract:
Conventional modal parameter identifications are usually based on frequency response functions, which require measurements of both the input force and the resulting response. However, in many cases, only response data are available while the actual excitations (such as wind/wave load) are not measurable. Modal parameters estimation must base itself on response-only data. Over the past years, many time-domain modal parameter identification techniques from output-only are proposed. A poly-reference frequency-domain modal identification scheme on response-only is presented. It is based on coupling the cross-correlation theory with conventional frequency-domain modal parameter extraction. An experiment using an airplane model is performed to verify the proposed method.
Conventional modal parameter identifications are usually based on frequency response functions, which require measurements of both the input force and the resulting response. However, in many cases, only response data are available while the actual excitations (such as wind/wave load) are not measurable. Modal parameters estimation must base itself on response-only data. Over the past years, many time-domain modal parameter identification techniques from output-only are proposed. A poly-reference frequency-domain modal identification scheme on response-only is presented. It is based on coupling the cross-correlation theory with conventional frequency-domain modal parameter extraction. An experiment using an airplane model is performed to verify the proposed method.
2003, 17(1).
Abstract:
A new type fully reversible combined blade is presented, which can fully reverse airflow during the inverse ventilation by simply reversion. It is suitable for reversible axial flow fans used in tunnel and mine ventilation. The optimal parameters such as overlap ratio and pitch ratio are determined through cascade experiment. Experiment results also show a big promotion of maximum lift coefficient Cl,max and stall attack angle ?l,max compared to the existing bi-directional symmetry airfoils.
A new type fully reversible combined blade is presented, which can fully reverse airflow during the inverse ventilation by simply reversion. It is suitable for reversible axial flow fans used in tunnel and mine ventilation. The optimal parameters such as overlap ratio and pitch ratio are determined through cascade experiment. Experiment results also show a big promotion of maximum lift coefficient Cl,max and stall attack angle ?l,max compared to the existing bi-directional symmetry airfoils.
2003, 17(1).
Abstract:
The axial pressure in plasma arc is measured under different conditions. The effects of the parameters, such as welding current, plasma gas flow rate, electrode setback and arc length, on the pressure in plasma arc are investigated and quantitative analyzed to explain the relationship between the quality of weld and the matching of parameters in plasma arc welding process.
The axial pressure in plasma arc is measured under different conditions. The effects of the parameters, such as welding current, plasma gas flow rate, electrode setback and arc length, on the pressure in plasma arc are investigated and quantitative analyzed to explain the relationship between the quality of weld and the matching of parameters in plasma arc welding process.
2003, 17(1).
Abstract:
According to the structure character of the passive sub-chain of the 3TPS-TP parallel mechanism, the kinematic constraint equations of the movable platform are established, based on which the closed-form inverse kinematics formula of the parallel mechanism are presented. Through parting the spherical joints of the active sub-chains and using the force and moment equilibrium of both the active sub-chains and passive sub-chain, the constraint forces acting on the parted joints are determined. Subsequently, the analytic expressions of the actuator driving forces are derived by means of the force equilibrium of the upper links of active sub-chains.
According to the structure character of the passive sub-chain of the 3TPS-TP parallel mechanism, the kinematic constraint equations of the movable platform are established, based on which the closed-form inverse kinematics formula of the parallel mechanism are presented. Through parting the spherical joints of the active sub-chains and using the force and moment equilibrium of both the active sub-chains and passive sub-chain, the constraint forces acting on the parted joints are determined. Subsequently, the analytic expressions of the actuator driving forces are derived by means of the force equilibrium of the upper links of active sub-chains.
2003, 17(1).
Abstract:
Based on the simple hinge crack model and the local flexibility theorem, the corresponding dynamic equation of the cracked rotor is modelled, the numerical simulation solutions of the cracked rotor and the uncracked rotor are obtained. By the continuous wavelet time-frequency transform, the wavelet time-frequency properties of the uncracked rotor and the cracked rotor are discussed. A new detection algorithm that uses the wavelet time-frequency transform to identify the crack is proposed. The influence of the sampling frequency on the wavelet time-frequency transform is analyzed by the numerical simulation research. The valid sampling frequency is suggested. Experiments demonstrate the validity and availability of the proposed algorithm in identification of the cracked rotor for engineering practices.
Based on the simple hinge crack model and the local flexibility theorem, the corresponding dynamic equation of the cracked rotor is modelled, the numerical simulation solutions of the cracked rotor and the uncracked rotor are obtained. By the continuous wavelet time-frequency transform, the wavelet time-frequency properties of the uncracked rotor and the cracked rotor are discussed. A new detection algorithm that uses the wavelet time-frequency transform to identify the crack is proposed. The influence of the sampling frequency on the wavelet time-frequency transform is analyzed by the numerical simulation research. The valid sampling frequency is suggested. Experiments demonstrate the validity and availability of the proposed algorithm in identification of the cracked rotor for engineering practices.
2003, 17(1).
Abstract:
For the redundant manipulators, neural network is used to tackle the velocity inverse kinematics of robot manipulators. The neural networks utilized are multi-layered perceptions with a back-propagation training algorithm. The weight table is used to save the weights solving the inverse kine-matics based on the different optimization performance criteria. Simulations verify the effectiveness of using neural network.
For the redundant manipulators, neural network is used to tackle the velocity inverse kinematics of robot manipulators. The neural networks utilized are multi-layered perceptions with a back-propagation training algorithm. The weight table is used to save the weights solving the inverse kine-matics based on the different optimization performance criteria. Simulations verify the effectiveness of using neural network.
2003, 17(1).
Abstract:
The basic structure of epicyclical gear transmission with inner teeth of single-ring, double-ring, three-ring and four-ring reducer are analyzed. The force analysis model of ring reducer is built. Following this, it is concluded that the present ring reducers have the problem that the inertia force or the inertia moment is lopsided. On the base of analysis and calculation the balanced ring reducer which can realize the balance of inertia force and inertia moment is brought forward, and so is its concrete realizing step. The specimen of the balanced ring reducer is designed and manufactured; the experiment is carried out on the gear transmission test bench. Compared with other ring reducer of the same power, the balanced ring reducer has many advantages, such as low vibration noise, low cost and less production difficulty and less heat. It is the substitute of other ring reducer of the same kind. Therefore, it has important theoretic significance and highly practical engineering value.
The basic structure of epicyclical gear transmission with inner teeth of single-ring, double-ring, three-ring and four-ring reducer are analyzed. The force analysis model of ring reducer is built. Following this, it is concluded that the present ring reducers have the problem that the inertia force or the inertia moment is lopsided. On the base of analysis and calculation the balanced ring reducer which can realize the balance of inertia force and inertia moment is brought forward, and so is its concrete realizing step. The specimen of the balanced ring reducer is designed and manufactured; the experiment is carried out on the gear transmission test bench. Compared with other ring reducer of the same power, the balanced ring reducer has many advantages, such as low vibration noise, low cost and less production difficulty and less heat. It is the substitute of other ring reducer of the same kind. Therefore, it has important theoretic significance and highly practical engineering value.
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